Criminal Law · 230 notes
Criminal Procedure: Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 / Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) notes.
Chapter-wise, structured notes for Judiciary (PCS-J / HJS), AIBE, CLAT and LLB preparation: sections, leading case law, illustrations and exam pointers. Every note is free to read, with previous and next topic links.
- 01
BNSS 2023 Introduction Salient Features Structure and Commencement
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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History and Evolution of Criminal Procedure in India
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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BNSS 2023 Object Scope and Scheme
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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BNSS 2023 vs CrPC 1973 Comparative Analysis and Section Mapping
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Major Changes Introduced by the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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New Features of the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Application and Commencement of the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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When BNSS Applies and When CrPC Continues to Apply
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Criminal Procedure Meaning Nature Objects and Importance
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Substantive Criminal Law vs Procedural Criminal Law
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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BNS BNSS and BSA Interrelationship
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Important Definitions under Section 2 BNSS 2023
Inside this note§ 2 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bailable and Non Bailable Offences under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Cognizable and Non Cognizable Offences under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Summons Case and Warrant Case under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Inquiry Investigation and Trial Meaning and Distinction
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Complaint FIR and Police Report Distinction
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Victim under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Police Report under the BNSS 2023 Section 193
Inside this note§ 193 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Public Prosecutor under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Electronic Communication under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Audio Video Electronic Means under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Classification of Offences under the First Schedule
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Forms under the Second Schedule to the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trial of Offences under BNS and Other Laws Sections 4 and 5
Inside this note§§ 4–5 BNSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Hierarchy of Criminal Courts under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Public Prosecutor Appointment Role Duties and Independence
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Constitution of Criminal Courts Sections 6 to 17
Inside this note§§ 6–17Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Powers of Criminal Courts Sections 21 to 29
Inside this note§§ 21–29Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Police Powers and Public Assistance Sections 30 to 34
Inside this note§§ 30–34Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Arrest of Persons under the BNSS 2023 Sections 35 to 62
Inside this note§§ 35–62 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Procedure of Arrest under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Rights of an Arrested Person under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Handcuffing under the BNSS 2023 Section 43(3)
Inside this note§ 43 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Medical Examination under the BNSS 2023 Sections 51 52 and 53
Inside this note§§ 51–52 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Identification of Arrested Person and Test Identification Parade
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Rights of a Female Accused under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Illegal Arrest and Compensation under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Custodial Violence and Custodial Death under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Pursuit of Offenders into Other Jurisdictions Section 45
Inside this note§ 45Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Release of a Person Arrested under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Escape from Custody and Retaking Section 61
Inside this note§ 61Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Summons under the BNSS 2023 Sections 63 to 71
Inside this note§§ 63–71 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Warrant of Arrest under the BNSS 2023 Sections 72 to 83
Inside this note§§ 72–83 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Proclamation and Attachment Sections 84 to 89
Inside this note§§ 84–89Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Processes to Compel Appearance Chapter VI Sections 63 to 93
Inside this note§§ 63–93Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Search Warrant and Summons to Produce Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Production of Documents and Search Sections 94 to 110
Inside this note§§ 94–110Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Constitutional Protection Against Unreasonable Search and Article 20(3)
Inside this noteArt. 20(3)Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Reciprocal Arrangements and Forfeiture Sections 111 to 124
Inside this note§§ 111–124Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Security for Keeping Peace and Good Behaviour Sections 125 to 143
Inside this note§§ 125–143Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Maintenance under the BNSS 2023 Sections 144 to 147
Inside this note§§ 144–147 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Maintenance under BNSS Compared with the Personal Laws
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Maintenance of a Muslim Woman under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Public Order and Tranquillity Sections 148 to 167
Inside this note§§ 148–167Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Local Investigation and Expert Examination in Nuisance Cases
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Section 163 BNSS and the Former Section 144 CrPC
Inside this note§ 163 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Preventive Action of the Police Sections 168 to 172
Inside this note§§ 168–172Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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FIR under the BNSS 2023 Section 173
Inside this note§ 173 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Non Cognizable Offences under the BNSS 2023 Section 174
Inside this note§ 174 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Investigation under the BNSS 2023 Sections 173 to 196
Inside this note§§ 173–196 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Forensic Investigation under the BNSS 2023 Section 176(3)
Inside this note§ 176 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Examination of Witnesses by the Police Sections 179 to 182
Inside this note§§ 179–182Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Statement Before a Magistrate Section 183 BNSS
Inside this note§ 183 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Police Confession and Judicial Confession Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Search by a Police Officer Sections 185 and 186
Inside this note§§ 185–186Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Case Diary under Section 192 BNSS
Inside this note§ 192 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Remand during Investigation under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Police Custody and Judicial Custody Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Section 187 BNSS Periods Police Custody and Default Bail
Inside this note§ 187 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Police Report under Section 193 BNSS
Inside this note§ 193 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Final Report and the Magistrates Options
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Protest Petition
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Inquest under the BNSS 2023 Sections 194 to 196
Inside this note§§ 194–196 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Investigation and Inquiry Distinguished
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Territorial Jurisdiction Sections 197 to 209
Inside this note§§ 197–209Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Conditions Requisite for Initiation of Proceedings Sections 210 to 222
Inside this note§§ 210–222Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Cognizance and the Framing of a Charge Distinguished
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Complaints to Magistrates Sections 223 to 226
Inside this note§§ 223–226Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Commencement of Proceedings Sections 227 to 233
Inside this note§§ 227–233Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Charge under the BNSS 2023 Sections 234 to 247
Inside this note§§ 234–247 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Joinder of Charges Sections 241 to 247
Inside this note§§ 241–247Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Charge and Notice of Accusation Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trial before a Court of Session Sections 248 to 260
Inside this note§§ 248–260Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trial of Warrant Cases Sections 261 to 273
Inside this note§§ 261–273Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Police Report Case and Complaint Warrant Case Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trial of Summons Cases Sections 274 to 282
Inside this note§§ 274–282Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Summary Trials Sections 283 to 288
Inside this note§§ 283–288Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Plea Bargaining Sections 289 to 300
Inside this note§§ 289–300Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Attendance of Persons Confined in Prisons Sections 301 to 306
Inside this note§§ 301–306Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Evidence in Inquiries and Trials Sections 307 to 336
Inside this note§§ 307–336Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Record of Evidence in Summons Warrant and Sessions Cases
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Remarks Respecting the Demeanour of a Witness Section 315
Inside this note§ 315Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Affidavit Evidence Sections 330 to 333
Inside this note§§ 330–333Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Commissions for the Examination of Witnesses Sections 319 to 325
Inside this note§§ 319–325Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Electronic Evidence and Video Conferencing in Criminal Proceedings
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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General Provisions as to Inquiries and Trials Sections 337 to 366
Inside this note§§ 337–366Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Double Jeopardy under the BNSS 2023 Section 337
Inside this note§ 337 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Section 337 BNSS and Article 20(2) of the Constitution
Inside this noteArt. 20(2)Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Who Conducts the Prosecution Sections 338 and 339
Inside this note§§ 338–339Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Right of the Accused to Legal Representation Sections 340 and 341
Inside this note§§ 340–341Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Tender of Pardon to an Accomplice Sections 343 to 345
Inside this note§§ 343–345Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Adjournment and Remand during Trial Section 346
Inside this note§ 346Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Local Inspection by a Judge or Magistrate Section 347
Inside this note§ 347Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Recall and Re Examination of a Witness
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Section 348 BNSS Power to Summon and Recall a Witness
Inside this note§ 348 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Examination of the Accused by the Court Section 351
Inside this note§ 351Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 108
Statement of the Accused Right to Silence and Competence as a Witness
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 109
Withdrawal from Prosecution and Compounding Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 110
Compounding of Offences Section 359
Inside this note§ 359Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Withdrawal of Prosecution by the Public Prosecutor Section 360
Inside this note§ 360Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trial in the Absence of the Accused
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trial in Absentia of a Proclaimed Offender Section 356
Inside this note§ 356Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Open Court Principle Section 366(1)
Inside this note§ 366Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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In Camera Trials and Proceedings in Sexual Offences
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Power to Proceed Against Other Persons Section 358
Inside this note§ 358Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Addition of an Accused During Trial
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Accused Persons of Unsound Mind Sections 367 to 378
Inside this note§§ 367–378Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice Sections 379 to 391
Inside this note§§ 379–391Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Judgment Sections 392 to 406
Inside this note§§ 392–406Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Judgment and Order Distinguished
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Confirmation of a Death Sentence Sections 407 to 412
Inside this note§§ 407–412Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Appeals under the BNSS 2023 Sections 413 to 435
Inside this note§§ 413–435 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 124
Appeal and Revision Distinguished
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bail Pending Appeal Section 430
Inside this note§ 430Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Reference and Revision Sections 436 to 445
Inside this note§§ 436–445Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Transfer of Criminal Cases Sections 446 to 452
Inside this note§§ 446–452Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 128
Transfer of a Case and Transfer of an Appeal Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 129
Execution Suspension Remission and Commutation Sections 453 to 477
Inside this note§§ 453–477Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Suspension of a Sentence
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Remission of a Sentence Section 473
Inside this note§ 473Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Commutation of a Sentence Section 474
Inside this note§ 474Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Suspension Remission and Commutation Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Mercy Petition in Death Sentence Cases Section 472
Inside this note§ 472Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Articles 72 and 161 and Statutory Remission Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bail and Bonds Sections 478 to 496
Inside this note§§ 478–496Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bailable and Non Bailable Offences Compared
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bail Meaning Object and Principles
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bail as the Rule and Jail as the Exception
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Anticipatory Bail and Regular Bail Distinguished
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Kinds of Bail under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Interim Bail under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Anticipatory Bail Section 482
Inside this note§ 482Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 144
Default or Statutory Bail
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Undertrial Detention Section 479
Inside this note§ 479Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 146
Bail after Conviction Appeal Revision and Reference
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Bail Bond the Surety and the Conditions
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 148
Cancellation of Bail
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 149
Cancellation and Rejection of Bail and Section 483
Inside this note§ 483Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Successive Bail Applications and Change of Circumstances
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Transit Anticipatory Bail
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bail and Article 21
Inside this noteArt. 21Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Bail Jurisprudence the Lines of Authority
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Disposal of Property Sections 497 to 505
Inside this note§§ 497–505Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Irregular Proceedings Sections 506 to 512
Inside this note§§ 506–512Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Limitation Sections 513 to 519
Inside this note§§ 513–519Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 157
Miscellaneous Provisions Sections 520 to 531
Inside this note§§ 520–531Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Trials before High Courts Section 520
Inside this note§ 520Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 159
Persons Liable to Court Martial Section 521
Inside this note§ 521Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 160
Power of the High Court to Make Rules Section 523
Inside this note§ 523Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 161
Judge or Magistrate Personally Interested Section 525
Inside this note§ 525Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 162
Advocate Practising Before Court Sitting as Magistrate Section 526
Inside this note§ 526Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Public Servant Concerned in Sale Not to Purchase Section 527
Inside this note§ 527Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 164
Inherent Powers of the High Court Section 528
Inside this note§ 528Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Electronic Trials and Proceedings Section 530
Inside this note§ 530Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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Repeal and Savings Section 531 and Transitional Law
Inside this note§ 531Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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BNSS and CrPC Comparative Study
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 168
CrPC to BNSS Section Conversion Table
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 169
Major Changes Introduced by the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 170
The Electronic FIR and the Zero FIR Section 173
Inside this note§ 173Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 171
The Zero FIR under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 172
The Preliminary Enquiry under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 173
Forensic Investigation Section 176(3)
Inside this note§ 176Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 174
Mandatory Videography of Search and Seizure
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 175
Audio Video Recording of Statements and Proceedings
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 176
Electronic Summons under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 177
Electronic Trials under Section 530
Inside this note§ 530Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 178
Police Custody and Remand Section 187
Inside this note§ 187Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 179
Handcuffing under the BNSS 2023 Section 43(3)
Inside this note§ 43 BNSSSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 180
Trial in Absentia the Principle and the Questions
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 181
Time Limits Introduced under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 182
The Victims Right to Receive Investigation Updates
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 183
Undertrial Release under Section 479 in Operation
Inside this note§ 479Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 184
The Mercy Petition Procedure Section 472
Inside this note§ 472Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 185
Attachment of the Proceeds of Crime Section 107
Inside this note§ 107Sections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 186
Forensic Evidence and Crime Scene Investigation
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 187
The Rights of the Victim under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
Free to readRead → - 188
The Rights of the Accused under the BNSS 2023
Inside this noteCriminal LawSections, leading cases and exam pointers, free to read.
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The Rights of Women under the BNSS 2023
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Use of Technology in Criminal Justice under the BNSS 2023
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Investigation Inquiry and Trial Distinguished
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Cognizable and Non Cognizable Offences
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Bailable and Non Bailable Offences Consequences
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Summons Cases and Warrant Cases
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A Complaint and a First Information Report
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The FIR and the Police Report Compared
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The FIR and a Statement to the Police Compared
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A Zero FIR and a Regular FIR Compared
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Arrest and Custody Distinguished
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Police Custody and Judicial Custody Compared
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A Summons and a Warrant Compared
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A Bailable and a Non Bailable Warrant Compared
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Search and Seizure Distinguished
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An Investigation and an Inquest Distinguished
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A Police Statement and a Magistrate Statement
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A Judicial and an Extra Judicial Confession
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An Inquiry and a Preliminary Enquiry
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Discharge and Acquittal Distinguished
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Discharge and Quashing Distinguished
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Cognizance and the Issue of Process
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Cognizance and the Framing of a Charge
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A Charge and the Substance of the Accusation
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A Complaint Case and a Police Report Case
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A Sessions Trial and a Warrant Trial
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A Summons Trial and a Summary Trial
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Plea Bargaining and Compounding Compared
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Compounding and Quashing on a Settlement
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Appeal and Revision Compared
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Appeal and Reference Compared
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Review and Revision Compared
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Regular Bail and Anticipatory Bail in Practice
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Regular Bail and Interim Bail Compared
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Default Bail and Regular Bail Compared
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A Bail Bond and a Personal Bond Compared
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Bail Rejection and Bail Cancellation
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Remission and Commutation Compared
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Suspension and Remission Compared
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Consecutive and Concurrent Sentences Section 25
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A Proclaimed Person and a Proclaimed Offender
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Section 528 BNSS and Article 226 Constitution
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