← All NotesCivil Law· Law of Torts

Civil Law · 168 notes

Law of Torts notes.

Chapter-wise, structured notes for Judiciary (PCS-J / HJS), AIBE, CLAT and LLB preparation: sections, leading case law, illustrations and exam pointers. Every note is free to read, with previous and next topic links.

  1. 01

    TORT 001 Law of Torts Introduction Meaning Scope and Historical Development

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  2. 02

    TORT 002 Nature of Tortious Liability and Essential Elements of a Tort

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  3. 03

    TORT 003 Tort Distinguished from Crime Contract Trust Quasi Contract and Constitutional Wrong

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  4. 04

    TORT 004 Law of Tort or Law of Torts Winfield Salmond and the Pigeon Hole Theory

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  5. 05

    TORT 005 Is the Law of Torts Codified in India and the Sources of Indian Tort Law

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  6. 06

    TORT 006 Functions and Theories of the Law of Torts

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  7. 07

    TORT 007 Classification of Torts Fault No Fault Strict and Absolute Liability

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  8. 08

    TORT 008 Injuria Sine Damno

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  9. 09

    TORT 009 Damnum Sine Injuria

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  10. 10

    TORT 010 Ubi Jus Ibi Remedium Meaning Scope and Exceptions

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  11. 11

    TORT 011 Legal Right Legal Duty Damage and Damages

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  12. 12

    TORT 012 Fault Intention Motive and Malice

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  13. 13

    TORT 013 Mens Rea Mistake Accident and Liability Without Fault

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  14. 14

    TORT 014 Capacity to Sue and Be Sued Natural Persons

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  15. 15

    TORT 015 Capacity of Artificial Persons the State and Protected Classes

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  16. 16

    TORT 016 Joint and Independent Tortfeasors and Survival of Actions

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  17. 17

    TORT 017 General Defences in Tort the Complete Map

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  18. 18

    TORT 018 Volenti Non Fit Injuria

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  19. 19

    TORT 019 Plaintiff the Wrongdoer and Ex Turpi Causa

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  20. 20

    TORT 020 Inevitable Accident and Act of God

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  21. 21

    TORT 021 Private Defence and Necessity

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  22. 22

    TORT 022 Statutory Authority

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  23. 23

    TORT 023 Causation Factual and Legal

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  24. 24

    TORT 024 Novus Actus Interveniens

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  25. 25

    TORT 025 Remoteness of Damage Re Polemis and Wagon Mound

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  26. 26

    TORT 026 Composite Negligence Contributory Negligence and Apportionment

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  27. 27

    TORT 027 Negligence Meaning and Ingredients

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  28. 28

    TORT 028 The Duty of Care Neighbour Principle and Caparo

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  29. 29

    TORT 029 Standard of Care and Breach of Duty

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  30. 30

    TORT 030 Proof of Negligence and Res Ipsa Loquitur

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  31. 31

    TORT 031 Duty of Care in the Established Relationships

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  32. 32

    TORT 032 The Professional Duty of Care

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  33. 33

    TORT 033 Duty of Care Toward Special Classes of Claimant

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  34. 34

    TORT 034 Omissions Duty to Rescue and Assumption of Responsibility

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  35. 35

    TORT 035 Res Ipsa Loquitur Nature Essentials and Distinctions

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  36. 36

    TORT 036 Res Ipsa Loquitur Applied Medical Motor and Building Collapse

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  37. 37

    TORT 037 Contributory Negligence Last Opportunity and Apportionment

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  38. 38

    TORT 038 Nervous Shock and Psychiatric Injury

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  39. 39

    TORT 039 Medical Negligence Duty Standard Bolam and Bolitho

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  40. 40

    TORT 040 The Forms of Medical Negligence

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  41. 41

    TORT 041 Consent to Medical Treatment and Samira Kohli

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  42. 42

    TORT 042 Liability of Hospitals and the Consumer Route

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  43. 43

    TORT 043 Compensation in Medical Negligence

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  44. 44

    TORT 044 Professional Negligence and Negligent Misstatement

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  45. 45

    TORT 045 Occupiers Liability Occupier Classes of Entrant and Common Duty of Care

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  46. 46

    TORT 046 Occupiers Liability Applied Trespassers Children Contractors and Landlords

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  47. 47

    TORT 047 Vicarious Liability Meaning Basis and the Master and Servant Relationship

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  48. 48

    TORT 048 Course of Employment Unauthorised Modes Frolic and the Close Connection Test

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  49. 49

    TORT 049 Servant or Independent Contractor and the Non Delegable Duties

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  50. 50

    TORT 050 Vicarious Liability in Other Relationships and the Employers Own Negligence

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  51. 51

    TORT 051 Liability of the State in Tort Sovereign Immunity and Article 300

    Inside this noteArt. 300

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  52. 52

    TORT 052 State Liability Applied and Misfeasance in Public Office

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  53. 53

    TORT 053 Constitutional Tort Public Law Compensation for Violation of a Fundamental Right

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  54. 54

    TORT 054 The Constitutional Tort Cases and Public Law Compensation Against Damages

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  55. 55

    TORT 055 Strict Liability The Rule in Rylands v Fletcher and Its Essentials

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  56. 56

    TORT 056 Exceptions to Rylands v Fletcher and Absolute Liability in M C Mehta

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  57. 57

    TORT 057 Absolute Liability M C Mehta Enterprise Liability and the Bhopal Litigation

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  58. 58

    TORT 058 Nuisance Meaning Public and Private and the Essentials of Private Nuisance

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  59. 59

    TORT 059 Unreasonable Interference Locality Duration Sensitivity and Malice

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  60. 60

    TORT 060 The Forms of Nuisance Noise Smoke Odour Pollution Trees and Loudspeakers

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  61. 61

    TORT 061 Nuisance Who May Sue Who Is Liable the Defences and the Remedies

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  62. 62

    TORT 062 Trespass to Land Essentials Airspace Subsoil and Trespass ab initio

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  63. 63

    TORT 063 Trespass to Land Defences Remedies Self Help and the Distinctions

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  64. 64

    TORT 064 Trespass to the Person Assault and Battery and the Defences

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  65. 65

    TORT 065 False Imprisonment Total Restraint Knowledge and Wrongful Police Detention

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  66. 66

    TORT 066 Malicious Prosecution The Five Essentials and Reasonable and Probable Cause

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  67. 67

    TORT 067 Defamation Meaning Libel and Slander and the Indian Position

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  68. 68

    TORT 068 The Three Essentials of Defamation and the Two Innuendos

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  69. 69

    TORT 069 Defamation Who May Sue Class Deceased Corporations and Public Officials

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  70. 70

    TORT 070 Defences to Defamation Truth Fair Comment and Privilege

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  71. 71

    TORT 071 Remedies in Defamation Prior Restraint Privacy and Freedom of Speech

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  72. 72

    TORT 072 Wrongs Relating to Goods Trespass to Goods and Conversion

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  73. 73

    TORT 073 Detinue the Distinctions and the Remedies for Wrongs to Goods

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  74. 74

    TORT 074 The Tort of Deceit Fraudulent Misrepresentation and Derry v Peek

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  75. 75

    TORT 075 Negligent Misstatement Pure Economic Loss and the Distinctions

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  76. 76

    TORT 076 Economic Torts Inducing Breach Unlawful Means Conspiracy and Intimidation

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  77. 77

    TORT 077 Passing Off and Injurious Falsehood Cadila and Slander of Goods and Title

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  78. 78

    TORT 078 Breach of Statutory Duty Private Right of Action and the Protected Class

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  79. 79

    TORT 079 Product Liability at Common Law Donoghue Defects and the Duty to Warn

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  80. 80

    TORT 080 Product Liability under the Consumer Protection Act 2019

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  81. 81

    TORT 081 Environmental Torts The Heads of Liability and the Five Principles

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  82. 82

    TORT 082 The Environmental Cases Compensation and the Statutory Regime

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  83. 83

    TORT 083 Motor Vehicle Accident Liability The Framework and the Tribunal

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  84. 84

    TORT 084 Computing Compensation in a Death Claim Sarla Verma and Pranay Sethi

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  85. 85

    TORT 085 Injury Claims Permanent Disability and Loss of Consortium

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  86. 86

    TORT 086 The Insurers Position Statutory Defences and Pay and Recover

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  87. 87

    TORT 087 Death and Tort Actions Actio Personalis Survival and Fatal Accidents

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  88. 88

    TORT 088 Privacy as a Tort Rajagopal Puttaswamy and the Four Invasions

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  89. 89

    TORT 089 Personality Rights the Right of Publicity Deepfakes and Doxxing

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  90. 90

    TORT 090 Torts in the Digital Environment and Intermediary Liability

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  91. 91

    TORT 091 Artificial Intelligence Autonomous Systems and Algorithmic Harm

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  92. 92

    TORT 092 Remedies in Tort Judicial Extra Judicial and Self Help

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  93. 93

    TORT 093 The Kinds of Damages and the Rookes v Barnard Categories

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  94. 94

    TORT 094 Assessment of Damages Restitutio in Integrum and the Heads of Loss

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  95. 95

    TORT 095 Mitigation Collateral Benefits Interest and Betterment

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  96. 96

    TORT 096 Injunction as a Tort Remedy the Three Fold Test and the Equitable Bars

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  97. 97

    TORT 097 Limitation and Tort Claims Part VII the Continuing Tort and the Extensions

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  98. 98

    TORT 098 Torts and the Consumer Protection Act 2019 Deficiency and Concurrent Remedies

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  99. 99

    TORT 099 Deficiency in Service Sector by Sector Medical Banking Insurance Housing

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  100. 100

    TORT 100 Tort and Contract Concurrent Liability Exclusion Clauses and Damages

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  101. 101

    TORT 101 Tort and Crime The Same Act as Both and Victim Compensation

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  102. 102

    TORT 102 Tort and Property Law Possession Waste Encroachment and Mesne Profits

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  103. 103

    TORT 103 The Employers Personal Duty of Care Wilsons and Clyde Coal and Workplace Safety

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  104. 104

    TORT 104 Employment Vicarious Liability and the Employees Compensation Act 1923

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  105. 105

    TORT 105 Torts Affecting Domestic and Family Relations

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  106. 106

    TORT 106 Public Authority and Municipal Negligence Policy Operation and the Failures

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  107. 107

    TORT 107 Public Utilities and Institutions Electricity Police Schools and Hospitals

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  108. 108

    TORT 108 Tort Crime Breach of Contract and Breach of Trust The Four Distinctions

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  109. 109

    TORT 109 Tort and Quasi Contract Compensation for Loss and Restitution of Gain

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  110. 110

    TORT 110 Ordinary Tort and the Constitutional Tort Two Routes to Compensation

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  111. 111

    TORT 111 Damage and Damages The Injury Suffered and the Money Awarded

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  112. 112

    TORT 112 Injuria Sine Damno and Damnum Sine Injuria

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  113. 113

    TORT 113 Intention and Motive

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  114. 114

    TORT 114 Malice in Law and Malice in Fact

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  115. 115

    TORT 115 Strict Liability and Absolute Liability

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  116. 116

    TORT 116 Strict Liability and Negligence

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  117. 117

    TORT 117 Absolute Liability and No Fault Liability

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  118. 118

    TORT 118 Inevitable Accident and Act of God

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  119. 119

    TORT 119 Volenti Non Fit Injuria and Contributory Negligence

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  120. 120

    TORT 120 Contributory Negligence and Composite Negligence

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  121. 121

    TORT 121 Joint Tortfeasors and Independent Tortfeasors

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  122. 122

    TORT 122 Factual Causation and Legal Causation

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  123. 123

    TORT 123 Direct Consequence and Reasonable Foreseeability

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  124. 124

    TORT 124 Negligence and Gross Negligence

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  125. 125

    TORT 125 Negligence and Rashness

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  126. 126

    TORT 126 Civil Negligence and Criminal Negligence

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  127. 127

    TORT 127 Negligence and Res Ipsa Loquitur

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  128. 128

    TORT 128 Duty of Care and Standard of Care

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  129. 129

    TORT 129 Professional Negligence and Ordinary Negligence

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  130. 130

    TORT 130 Medical Negligence and Error of Judgment

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  131. 131

    TORT 131 Civil Medical Negligence and Criminal Medical Negligence

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  132. 132

    TORT 132 Vicarious Liability and Direct Liability

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  133. 133

    TORT 133 Employee and Independent Contractor

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  134. 134

    TORT 134 Course of Employment and a Frolic of One s Own

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  135. 135

    TORT 135 State Tort Liability and the Constitutional Tort

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  136. 136

    TORT 136 Sovereign and Non Sovereign Functions

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  137. 137

    TORT 137 Public Law Compensation and Private Law Damages

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  138. 138

    TORT 138 Private Nuisance and Public Nuisance

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  139. 139

    TORT 139 Nuisance and Trespass to Land

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  140. 140

    TORT 140 Nuisance and Negligence

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  141. 141

    TORT 141 Trespass to Land and Trespass to Goods

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  142. 142

    TORT 142 Assault and Battery

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  143. 143

    TORT 143 False Imprisonment and Malicious Prosecution

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  144. 144

    TORT 144 Malicious Prosecution and Abuse of Process

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  145. 145

    TORT 145 Libel and Slander

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  146. 146

    TORT 146 Civil Defamation and Criminal Defamation

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  147. 147

    TORT 147 Defamation and Injurious Falsehood

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  148. 148

    TORT 148 Trespass to Goods and Conversion

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  149. 149

    TORT 149 Conversion and Detinue

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  150. 150

    TORT 150 Deceit and Negligent Misstatement

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  151. 151

    TORT 151 Fraud and Negligence

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  152. 152

    TORT 152 Breach of Statutory Duty and Negligence

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  153. 153

    TORT 153 Product Liability and Negligence

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  154. 154

    TORT 154 Product Liability and Breach of Warranty

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  155. 155

    TORT 155 Compensatory and Exemplary Damages

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  156. 156

    TORT 156 General and Special Damages

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  157. 157

    TORT 157 Nominal and Contemptuous Damages

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  158. 158

    TORT 158 Aggravated and Exemplary Damages

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  159. 159

    TORT 159 Pecuniary and Non Pecuniary Damages

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  160. 160

    TORT 160 Damages and Injunction

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  161. 161

    TORT 161 Motor Accident Contributory and Composite Negligence

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  162. 162

    TORT 162 Fault Liability and No Fault Liability

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  163. 163

    TORT 163 Tort Damages and Consumer Compensation

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  164. 164

    TORT 164 Liability for Animals Scienter and Cattle Trespass

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  165. 165

    TORT 165 Liability for Fire

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  166. 166

    TORT 166 Discharge and Extinction of Tortious Liability

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  167. 167

    TORT 167 Wrongful Conception Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life

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  168. 168

    TORT 168 Interference with Easements

    Inside this noteCivil Law

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